TURBO MACHINERY (PE – IV) B.Tech. IV Year I Sem JNTUH R-18

• Explain the classification of turbomachines based on work transfer and fluid flow direction.

• Apply the second law of thermodynamics to analyze the work done by turbines and compressors.

• Derive and explain the continuity equation, Euler's equation, and Bernoulli's equation for compressible and incompressible fluids.

• Analyze the expansion and compression processes in turbomachines and define reheat and preheat factors.

• Differentiate between work done and shaft power in terms of nozzle and diffuser work.

Unit II: Fundamental Concepts of Axial and Radial Machines

• Apply Euler's equation of energy transfer to analyze the work done by turbomachines.

• Explain the concept of vane congruent flow and its influence on velocity triangles.

• Analyze the factors affecting slip factor (Stodola, Stanitz, and Balje's methods) and its impact on machine performance.

• Define and discuss the concepts of suction pressure, net positive suction head, and cavitation in pumps.

• Explain the concept of specific speed and shape number for different types of turbomachines.

Unit III: Gas Dynamics and Centrifugal Compressors

• Derive and apply the thermodynamic relations for isentropic flow in gas turbines and compressors.

• Relate Mach number to flow velocity and area ratio in supersonic and subsonic conditions.

• Analyze the impact of normal shock waves on flow parameters and explain the phenomenon of supersonic flow and oblique shock waves.

• Describe the working principle of different types of centrifugal compressors and explain their velocity triangles and efficiencies.

• Analyze the blade passage design and the role of diffusers in pressure recovery for centrifugal compressors.

Unit IV: Axial Flow Compressors

• Derive and analyze the velocity triangles and efficiencies of axial flow compressors using flow analysis concepts.

• Apply thermodynamic analysis to evaluate the stage pressure rise and degree of reaction in axial flow compressors.

• Explain the design principles of axial flow compressors, including the impact of velocity, incidence, and blade loading on performance.

• Perform basic cascade analysis (geometrical and terminology) to determine blade force, efficiencies, and losses in compressor blades.

Unit V: Axial Flow Gas Turbines

• Calculate the work done and analyze the velocity triangles and efficiencies of axial flow gas turbines.

• Apply thermodynamic flow analysis to understand the degree of reaction and Zweifels relation in gas turbines.

• Perform cascade analysis using Soderberg, Hawthorne, and Ainley correlations to design effective turbine blades.

• Explain the concept of secondary flow and its impact on turbine performance, including free vortex blades and variable degree of reaction.

• Analyze the design, stress, and material considerations for turbine blades, including cooling technologies.

• Evaluate the performance characteristics of gas turbines and discuss the importance of compressor-turbine matching for off-design conditions.

Bonus Questions:

• Compare and contrast the advantages and limitations of axial and radial turbomachines for different applications.

• Discuss the advancements in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its role in turbomachinery design and analysis.

• Analyze the environmental impact of turbomachines and discuss strategies for improving their efficiency and reducing emissions.