DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (PE – III) B. Tech. IV Year I Semester JNTUH R-18

 Unit I: Digital Image Fundamentals & Image Transforms

• Explain the relationship between pixels and how it impacts image representation.

• Discuss the importance of sampling and quantization in digital image processing.

• Compare and contrast different 2D transforms like FFT, Walsh, Hadamard, and DCT in terms of their properties and applications in image processing.

• Analyze the role of Haar, Slant, and Hotelling transforms in specific image processing tasks.

Unit II: Image Enhancement (Spatial Domain)

• Explain the various methods for enhancing images in the spatial domain.

• Describe different types of point processing techniques and their impact on image brightness, contrast, and color.

• Analyze the effectiveness of histogram manipulation techniques like equalization and stretching for improving image quality.

• Compare and contrast the performance of linear and non-linear gray level transformations in enhancing specific image features.

• Explain the principles and applications of neighborhood filters like the median filter for noise reduction and image smoothing.

• Discuss the use of spatial domain high-pass filters for sharpening images and enhancing edges.

Unit II: Image Enhancement (Frequency Domain)

• Explain how image filtering in the frequency domain can be used for enhancement.

• Compare and contrast the effects of low-pass (smoothing) and high-pass (sharpening) filters in the frequency domain on image appearance.

• Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using frequency domain filtering compared to spatial domain techniques.

Unit III: Image Restoration

• Describe the degradation model and its impact on image quality.

• Explain the principles of the algebraic approach to image restoration and discuss the role of inverse filtering.

• Analyze the performance of least mean square filters and constrained least squares restoration for image restoration tasks.

• Discuss the benefits and limitations of interactive restoration techniques.

Unit IV: Image Segmentation

• Explain the importance of detecting discontinuities and edges in image segmentation.

• Compare and contrast different edge detection and linking techniques for boundary identification.

• Analyze the effectiveness of thresholding methods for segmenting images based on intensity levels.

• Discuss the principles of region-oriented segmentation techniques and their applications in specific scenarios.

• Explain the concepts of dilation, erosion, and other morphological operations and their use in image processing tasks.

• Analyze how opening, closing, hit-or-miss transformations can be used for specific image analysis and manipulation.

Unit V: Image Compression

• Explain the different types of redundancies present in digital images and the methods for their removal.

• Discuss the importance of fidelity criteria in evaluating the effectiveness of compression algorithms.

• Compare and contrast the principles of lossless and lossy compression techniques.

• Analyze the performance of Huffman and arithmetic coding for achieving lossless compression.

• Explain the concepts and limitations of error-free compression techniques.

• Discuss the principles of predictive coding and its application in lossy compression algorithms.

• Analyze the JPEG 2000 standard and its benefits for image compression.