ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION B.Tech. IV Year I Semester JNTUH R-18

• Explain the basic concepts of analytical instrumentation and its role in various applications.

• Analyze the principles and operation of electrochemical instruments like pH meters, conductivity meters, dissolved oxygen analyzers, sodium analyzers, and silica analyzers.

• Apply these instruments to solve environmental and industrial analysis problems.

Unit II: Spectrophotometers - Absorption and Emission

• Understand the concepts of spectrometry and explain Beer-Lambert's law in detail, including its limitations and practical applications.

• Differentiate between single-beam and double-beam UV-VIS spectrophotometers and analyze their instrumentation components (sources, detectors, etc.).

• Analyze FTIR and IR spectra to identify functional groups and molecular structures.

• Discuss the principles and instrumentation of flame emission and atomic emission spectrophotometers for elemental analysis.

Unit III: Gas and Liquid Chromatography

• Explain the basic principles of gas chromatography and liquid chromatography (HPLC) with various types of columns.

• Analyze different detectors and recorders used in these techniques and their applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis.

• Interpret chromatography data and chromatograms.

• Understand the basic principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and its role in structural analysis.

Unit IV: Gas Analyzers and Environmental Monitoring

• Explain the analysis principles and operation of gas analyzers based on thermal conductivity (Katharometer) and paramagnetism (oxygen analyzers).

• Analyze CO monitors, NOx analyzers, and pollution monitoring systems for environmental applications.

• Understand the working principles of industrial analyzer circuits for process control.

Unit V: Thermal Analyzers and Radiation Detectors

• Analyze the principles and applications of thermal analysis techniques like Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Derivative Thermogravimetric Analyzers (DTGA).

• Explain the operation and applications of different gas-filled radiation detectors (GM counters, scintillation counters, etc.) and solid-state detectors.